The principle of operation of a gas boiler: double-circuit, its types.

In the heating system, the key element is a gas boiler, which is designed to heat the coolant. Operation is cheaper than using an electric boiler or heating with wood. Compactly placed, convenient to use. That is why gas heating is considered the best option for technological and comfortable heating of the room. To properly operate the equipment, you need to understand the principle of its operation.

The principle of operation of a gas boiler

The main task of the boiler is to heat the coolant with the direct transfer of thermal energy. Accordingly, heat passes through the combustion of gas. There are many varieties with different work processes. To know how a particular device works, you need to consider each:

Single-circuit. The device is not able to provide the necessary consumer share of water heating. Gas is supplied under pressure from a common network, after which it is sent to the chamber, from where the ignition comes. The power of heat supply is regulated using an automation system, sensors. During the burning of the flame there is a sufficient amount of heat that is distributed through the entire heating structure of the heat exchanger. Inside, the fluid rotates, providing work. Due to the effects of a jet of burning gas, heating occurs outside. For the manufacture of a single-circuit boiler, cast iron or copper is used.
Bypass. In addition to heating the room, heats the water. The principle of operation is similar to single-circuit, but there are additional functions, elements. Hot water is not supplied directly; to obtain hot water, it is necessary to keep the temperature of the main circuit. In summer, you can separately heat the water, for this you need to install a tap that interrupts the circulation of the coolant.
Wall. Most often used to heat small rooms. The principle of service is similar to single-circuit and double-circuit boilers. The wall-mounted device has smaller dimensions of parts, due to which it has a compact size. Additional details are used - a membrane tank, a circulation pump. It happens single-circuit or double-circuit, with a closed or open combustion chamber. The principle of operation is concentrated on a complex automation device and requires proper maintenance. The automation system of the wall-mounted device is capricious in operation, often it gives malfunctions. It is not recommended to repair it yourself; it is best to contact specialists.
Condensation. Applies additional steam power. Equipped with a fan, regulates the number of revolutions. Due to these changes, the combustion chamber remains closed, regulates the ratio of gas to air. A coaxial chimney produces exhaust gases. For the economical service of the device, you need to keep the temperature of the coolant in the opposite pipeline less than 57 degrees. The condensing device works better with a reduced constant temperature of the heating structure, so it is better to use warm floors together. A distinctive feature of this device is its large area. Condensation occurs in the heat exchanger, so it is made of stainless steel.

IMPORTANT! The principle of operation of the equipment is almost the same, with the exception of a few details. The service process is as follows: water flows through the circulation pump through the circulation pump directly to the heat exchanger. Then the gas valve opens, gas flows through the nozzles to the burner. The ignition electrode is activated, the gas is ignited. When set to the proper temperature, the fire goes out. On some models, an external thermostat is installed, thanks to which, when the degrees are lowered, automatic heating is turned on. A three-way valve is used to switch from heating to domestic hot water. Combustion products are discharged through a chimney.

Gas boiler device

During operation, difficulties may arise. It is advisable to know what the equipment consists of. Also, this knowledge will allow you to choose a suitable heating model. The main elements of the devices are:

Burner. The design has a rectangular shape, equipped with nozzles. Nozzles are a mechanical gas atomizer controlled mechanically or by a valve. It is used for atomizing fuel that enters the burner and is distributed. Due to this, the surface of the radiator is equally heated from all sides and on the surface. There are two types:

Atmospheric. Air intake to maintain the flame is made from the room. Such a burner does not need electricity, which is an advantage. When installing, it is mandatory to have a window, natural ventilation. An atmospheric burner is installed near the chimney. This type is used in devices of desktop type.
Turbocharged. It works with the built-in fan, which removes combustion products through a coaxial chimney. Chimney draft and ventilation are not required. When operating a turbocharged burner, electricity is needed, which is a drawback. It is used in wall-mounted appliances, the conclusion is made through the wall.

Heat exchanger. The design has the shape of a box, inside are distributed tubes along which water flows. The heat exchanger assembly can be made of different materials, which affects the service life. The dual-circuit device has two heat exchangers, and the single-circuit device has one. There are three types of construction:

Steel. Economical option. Steel is resistant to temperature fluctuations, has low thermal conductivity, short life.
Copper. Copper is resistant to temperature extremes, rust. Material conducts heat better than steel. Therefore, a copper heat exchanger is more expensive. It has a limited heating temperature.
Cast iron. The alloy is resistant to rust, high temperature. It is an excellent heat conductor. Due to its heavy weight, cast iron is used for outdoor appliances.

Circulation pump. Designed to create structural pressure, constant water circulation. Not available on all models.

Expansion tank. Used for security purposes. The expansion tank receives excess heat when the heat carrier is very hot.

Smoke exhaust The withdrawal system is open and closed. In an open chimney, the used gases go through the ventilation system. Turbine burners are closed type. Chimney air is supplied through the room without an auxiliary mechanism. The turbine burner has special piping for air intake from the room.

Electronics. Includes control module, sensors, wiring, circuits. These elements allow the equipment to work stably.

The functioning of the automation system of a gas boiler

The automation system consists of sensors that ensure safe operation, monitor and maintain the set temperature of the coolant. Safety automation allows you to stop the gas supply if the gas is turned off. During further operation, you must manually restart the system.

REFERENCE! Modern equipment is equipped with additional sensors and temperature controllers that provide energy-saving, anti-frost modes. Some also have a self-diagnosis, which analyzes the status of the main nodes, and displays the identified faults on the screen. Such a system avoids a malfunction.